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. Geography  

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. Transportation  

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United States

 
     
    • Railroads: 
     
        total: 
        240,000 km mainline routes (nongovernment owned) 
     
        standard gauge: 
        240,000 km 1.435-m gauge (1989) 
     
    • Highways: 
     
        total: 
        6,243,163 km 
     
        paved: 
        3,633,520 km (including 84,865 km of expressways) 
     
        unpaved: 
        2,609,643 km (1990) 
     
    • Inland waterways: 
      41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes (est.) 
     
    • Pipelines: 
      petroleum 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km (1991) 
     
    • Ports: 
      Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland (Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo 
     
    • Merchant marine: 
     
        total: 
        354 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,462,000 GRT/16,477,000 DWT 
     
        ships by type: 
        bulk 22, cargo 28, chemical tanker 16, intermodal 130, liquefied gas tanker 13, passenger-cargo 2, tanker 130, tanker tug-barge 13 
     
        note: 
        in addition, there are 189 government-owned vessels 
     
    • Airports: 
     
        total: 
        15,032 
     
        with paved runways over 3,047 m: 
        181 
     
        with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 
        208 
     
        with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 
        1,242 
     
        with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 
        2,489 
     
        with paved runways under 914 m: 
        8,994 
     
        with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 
     
        with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 
     
        with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 
        180 
     
        with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 
        1,730