According to Hazard Adams, Blake's stars are "always associated with Urizen and materialism . . . the stars represent the movement of a delusory scientific time and the concave, inner surface of the mundane egg, which is the fallen world. The image is particularly apt because the stars are ineffectual in daylight; they are apparent only at night or during fallen history" (66). Adams adds that stars "are traditionally angelic intelligences, but Blake uses both angels and stars ironically as forces of reaction and passive good" (66).